metal rod experiment

Aim: To observe conduction along a metal rod.
Equipment: A metal rod, retort stand and clamp, bunsen burner, petroleum jelly,-510 drawing, a stopwatch.
Method:

1. Set up and light the bunsen burner.
2. Smear a small amount of petroleum jelly on to the head of each drawing pin.
3. Attach the drawing pins at even intervals along the length of the metal rod.
4. Clamp one end of the metal rod to a retort stand.
5. Position the retort stand so the unclamped end of the metal rod is in the Bunsen flame and start the stopwatch.
6. Record the time it takes for each pin to drop on the table below.

Pin Number  Time to drop

Blue (1)      18 seconds

Gold (2)      44 seconds

Green (3)    1.25 seconds

Silver (4)    2.04 seconds

Black (5)    3.54 seconds

Explanation: The heat particles transfer through the metal rod until the pins start vibrating and full off the rod.

Monarchies

in social studies, we have been learning about government and different types of rulers. This is one of the government's we have been looking at.

Matariki

The Behaviour of Matter- Diffusion

When gas particles, like the perfumes in a can of deodorant, are released into a room they are free to move in any direction. Eventually, they will spread throughout the entire room. Scientists called this process diffusion.

scientists stat the "diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until the concentration is equal".

Aim: To observe diffusion in a liquid.
Equipment: Petri dish, water, tweezers, a crystal of potassium permanganate.
Method: 

1. Half full your petri dish with cold tap water.
2. Place the petri dish on your workbench and allow the water to become settled.
3. Using the tweezers, place a single crystal of potassium permanganate in the centre of the petri dish.
4. Observe for 5 minutes.
5. Repeat the experiment using hot water.

Observation:

In cold water: 

This is what it looked like at the
end of the cold water observation.  

This is what it looked like at the
start of the cold water observation.

In hot water:

Explanation:

Observing convention

Aim: To observe convection in a gas

Equipment: scissors, paper spiral pattern string source of heat 

Method:

1. cut out the spiral pattern below, Carefully following the dashed line
2. Tie a length of cotton through the hole on the top of the spiral.
3. Hold the spiral 30-40 cm above the hole on the top of the spiral.

Observation: 

The heat made it spin around 

Particle Theory of Matter- Convection

When particles are heated the distance between the particles increase. This means that objects will expand. When liquids or gases expand they become less dense. A gas or liquid which is less dense will rise through a more dense or liquid. This is the explanation for the well-known tendency of hot fluids to rise and col fluids to sink. Scientists call this process convection.

Observing Convection l

Aim: To observe convection in a liquid.

Equipment: 200 mL beaker, tweezers, a crystal of potassium permanganate, a drinking straw, bunsen burner, heat tripod and gauze. 

Method:

1. Set up a bunsen burner on a heatproof mat. put the gauze mat on the tripod but leave it just to one side of the bunsen burner.
2. fill a 200ml beaker with 150 ml of cold water.
3. place the beaker on top of the tripod and gauze and allow in to settle for a few minutes.
4. Carefully insert a drinking straw down one side of the beaker, ensuring the straw is touching the bottom of the beaker. be careful as you do not want to disturb the water too much.
5. using tweezers drop a crystal of potassium permanganate down the inside of the straw. wait for the crystal to settle on the bottom of the beaker.
6. very gently so to not disturb the water remove the straw. 
7. light the Bunsen burner and slide it under the tripod so that you are only heating the outside of the beaker where the crystal is. Observe.

Observation: 

As the water got hotter the potassium permanganate crystals started to become more vibrant.